PUBLICATIONS

Below are some useful resources for anyone who would like more detailed information on worm-based sanitation, including journal articles, manuals, and blogs from ongoing projects. If you can’t find what you are looking for, or have more questions, please feel free to contact us or visit the wikipedia page on vermifilter toilets for additional references.

Vermifiltration and sustainable agriculture: unveiling the soil health-boosting potential of liquid waste vermicompost

Malal, H., Romero, V. S., Horwath, W. R., Dore, S., Beckett, P., Ait Hamza, M., Lakhtar, H., & Lazcano, C. (2024). Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 24 April 2024.

Processing of human faeces by wet vermifiltration for improved on-site sanitation 

C. Furlong, M. R. Templeton, W. T. Gibson. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. 1 June 2014; 4 (2): 231–239.

The development of an onsite sanitation system based on vermifiltration: the ‘Tiger Toilet’ (Link to WORD Document)

C. Furlong, W. T. Gibson, M. R. Templeton, M. Taillade, F. Kassam, G. Crabb, R. Goodsell, J. McQuilkin, A. Oak, G. Thakar, M. Kodgire, R. Patankar. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. 1 December 2015; 5 (4): 608–613.

Sustainable Sanitation for All: Experiences, challenges, and innovations (open Access)

P. Bongartz, N. Vernon, J. Fox (eds). Practical Action Publishing. 2016.

Technical and user evaluation of a novel worm-based, on-site sanitation system in rural India (OPEN ACCESS)

C. Furlong, W.T. Gibson, A. Oak, G. Thakar, M. Kodgire, R. Patankar. Waterlines. April 2016; 35 (2): 148–162.

SUSTAINABLE, WORM-BASED, COMMUNAL SANITATION FOR REFUGEE CAMPS

Series of blog posts from Oxfam & IHE Delft. 15 February 2017 - 17 May 2019.

Learning from Oxfam's tiger worm toilets projects (Open Access)

C. Furlong, J. Lamb, A. Bastable. Proceedings of the 40th WEDC International Conference, Loughborough. 24-28 July 2017.

Is composting worm availability the main barrier to large-scale adoption of worm-based organic waste processing technologies?

C. Furlong, N. S. Rajapaksha, K. R. Butt, W. T. Gibson. Journal of Cleaner Production. 15 October 2017; 164: 1026-1033.

Compendium of Sanitation Technologies in Emergencies

R. Gensch, A. Jennings, S. Renggli, P. Reymond. GWN, Eawag, GWC and SuSanA. Berlin, Germany. 2018.

Tiger Worm Toilet Manual: Globally relevant learnings from Myanmar

C. Snoad. Oxfam. 28 March 2019.

Using Vermifiltration for Faecal Sludge Treatment in Wanayad, Kerala (YouTube)

Primove and TBF Environmental Soultions Pvt Ltd. 2019.

The rate of vermi-compost accumulation within ‘Tiget Toilets’ in India

E. Hylton, L. Noad, M. R. Templeton, M. N. Sule. Environmental Technology. 29 June 2020; DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1789750

Tiger Worm Toilet Manuals: What is a Tiger Worm Toilet?, Design Manual, Operation Manual, AND Annexes (PDF Documents)

Oxfam. 2020